Understanding People in Society

Stages P1 to P3

P1 to P3 Social groupings, social needs and how they are met

the material and non material needs of all human beings

Pupils shall be able to:

1. identify the basic material and non material needs that need to be fulfilled in order to live a happy life

   discuss what they regard to be their immediate needs in their own context

2. show awareness of how other people can help to meet their own needs

   eg family, friends, the school and other groups - cub scouts, brownies etc.

3. recognise that different groups in society may have different needs

   eg children, care for the elderly

   take part in a simple survey which highlights the needs of different groups in society

the contribution of individuals in family, friendships, school and community to meeting their needs

Pupils shall be able to:

1. recognise the contribution of different people or groups of people in meeting the needs of particular groups in society

   people who help us eg nurses, teachers, social workers, parents

   prepare a display on "People who help us in the community"

2. show awareness of the facilities which are available in the local community to meet the needs of children and other groups

   eg clubs, playgrounds, library, community centre

3. show awareness of how belonging to a group can help fulfil their own needs and the needs of others

4. prepare a display on "People who help us in the community"

P1 to P3 Social rules, rights and responsibilities

the need for rules to protect themselves and others

Pupils shall be able to:

1. discuss the importance of rules in their own context

   eg in the games they play

2. recognise what happens when rules are broken and people do not follow the rules

   eg in the classroom, the playground, the youth club

3. recognise the importance of rules in the classroom and playground and the consequences of breaking the rules

some of the ways in which rules are enforced in familiar contexts, e.g. family, school

Pupils shall be able to:

1. describe ways in which rules are or should be enforced e.g. in the games they play, the classroom and the home

the formulation of simple rules in familiar contexts

Pupils shall be able to:

1. as individuals, and as a class, draw up their own set of rules for the classroom, or going on a visit etc

their responsibility to care for others and respect their feelings

Pupils shall be able to:

explain why rules should be enforced with regards to the individual and the group

P1 to P3 Conflict and participation in decision making in society

the point of view of participants in family or school conflict or disagreement and the reaching of agreement

Pupils shall be able to:

1. describe the importance and benefits of helping one another

   describe how they can help one another in familiar contexts eg in the classroom, the playground, at home

2. explain the importance of respecting the opinions and beliefs of others

3. show understanding of their responsibilities to others in their group, class, or family context

4. show understanding that people may have different opinions on the same issue

5. relate differences of opinion that they have had with their peers and how such differences have been resolved

6. appreciate the value of the opinion of others in reaching a decision

Economic organisation and structures

ways of sharing resources in the home, classroom and community

Pupils shall be able to:

1. discuss the benefits of sharing with one another

   eg toys, sweets, bedrooms

2. show awareness that there is a need to share facilities in the home, school and community

   undertake a role play activity that would highlight what would happen if people did not share

3. describe the effects on individuals and the community if such facilities did not exist

simple buying and selling, e.g. in the classroom shop

Pupils shall be able to:

1. show understanding of the concept of Profit i.e. why profit is or should be made on items sold

   take part in simple buying and selling process e.g. either using the class tuckshop, a role play scenario, setting up a mini enterprise (e.g. making and selling items for Christmas)

2. explain why profits are important and the uses to which profits can be put

   eg to help charities, to subsidise outings etc.

Stages P4 to P6

P4 to P6 Social groupings, social needs and how they are met

differences in needs among groups of people in Scottish and other societies, e.g. children, the elderly, the disabled, refugees

Pupils shall be able to:

1. show understanding as to the concept of relative need, ie that needs differ from one group to another

2. show awareness of relative needs in the contexts of time and place i.e. that our needs are different from the past; people in other countries may have different needs from us

3. outline the difference between Needs and Want, and Necessity and Luxury

4. outline the varying needs of specific groups in Scottish society

   eg elderly people, disabled people, parents, children etc

5. compare and contrast needs in a Scottish context to needs as perceived in the developing or underdeveloped world

ways in which individuals, families and communities accept responsibility for care of others

Pupils shall be able to:

1. show knowledge of the different groups of people who are responsible for the care of those in need

   eg parents, nurses, social workers, charities etc

2. show knowledge and understanding of the effects of belonging to a 'Welfare State' with regards to fulfilment of needs and the caring for others

3. recognise common stereotypes and how these may have an effect on how we perceive people and their needs

   eg the elderly, the disabled

P4 to P6 Social rules, rights and responsibilities

formal and informal rules in selected school, local and national contexts

Pupils shall be able to:

1. identify the similarities between the need for rules in school and rules at a local or national context

how and why rules are made and the consequences for themselves and others of disregarding agreed rules

Pupils shall be able to:

1. discuss the importance of rules and laws with regard to their own environment

2. describe the consequences for others of disregarding agreed rules with regard to the classroom and local environment

reaching group decisions based on discussion and a vote

Pupils shall be able to:

1. recognise the benefits of reaching decisions in a group or classroom context through discussion and negotiation

   discuss points of issue/concern in a school/classroom context and how such issues may be resolved

   investigate issues of concern to pupils throughout the school through the development of appropriate enquiry methods

   formulate proposals for the resolution of points of concern through discussion and negotiation

the responsibilities of citizenship in local and wider contexts

Pupils shall be able to:

1. show understanding that membership of a group confers rights as well as responsibilities

   eg that pupils have the right to good toilets but also the responsibility to look after them!

2. show awareness of their responsibilities as a citizen in their own locality

   eg not to drop litter

3. show awareness of their responsibility for others within and outwith national boundaries

P4 to P6 Conflict and participation in decision making in society

alternative ways of resolving friendship and family conflicts and the advantages and disadvantages of each

Pupils shall be able to:

1. discuss alternative ways of resolving points of conflict in given situations

2. show awareness of the inappropriateness of using violence to resolve a situation of conflict and disagreement

ways in which individuals can participate in decision making in school, leisure, workplace and local government contexts, through elections and campaigning activities

Pupils shall be able to:

1. show understanding of the importance of participation of the individual in reaching a decision for the whole group

   take part in the decision making process at classroom or whole school level eg by taking part in the electoral process for a pupils' council etc

2. compare and contrast effective participation in the classroom to examples of participation in the workplace, leisure activities and local government

3. recognise the importance in participating in the election of representatives

4. show understanding of the qualities deemed necessary to be an effective representative

5. recognise the importance of campaigning on issues of importance

   participate in a campaign on an issue of importance to the classroom/school

6. recognise how campaigns can influence the public at local and national level

P4 to P6 Economic organisation and structures

the use of money, other forms of currency and the role of trade in the exchange of goods and services

Pupils shall be able to:

1. show understanding on the difference between goods and services

2. show understanding of how trade and the bartering of goods and services can fulfil Ihe needs of individuals and groups

   from their own experiences discuss instances and reasons for 'swapping arrangements' between individuals and groups of people

3. show understanding of the role of money in the relationship between supply and demand for goods and services in their own context

   eg by taking responsibility for the running of the class shop/ school shop

   prepare a report on the school shop outlining items which sell/do not sell, and the consequences of this for future income and expenditure

sources of personal and family income and choices in expenditure

Pupils shall be able to:

1. show understanding of simple personal budgeting

   draw up a personal budget outlining income and expenditure

   discuss the consequences of overspending their budget

2. consider the family budget in relation to income and expenditure in prioritising needs and wants

3. show understanding of the importance of budgeting and saving for a purpose

ways in which subsistence economies use resources in the environment to meet survival and social needs

Pupils shall be able to:

1. show understanding of how resources in a subsistence economy could or would be used to meet survival and social needs

   undertake a role play/simulation exercise

simple examples of supply and demand

Pupils shall be able to:

1. show understanding of the consequences of the over supply of goods and services

2. compare and contrast buying and selling in their own context to the day to day running of a local store in relation to the supply and demand of goods

Stages P7 to S2

P7 to S2 Social groupings, social needs and how they are met

differences in the ways needs are met in contemporary Scottish and other societies and the existence of deprivation amongst some groups of people

Pupils shall be able to:

1. show knowledge and understanding of the concept of relative poverty in time and place

2. show awareness of the ways in which society meets the needs of those living in poverty

3. show awareness of needs and poverty in other societies and how needs are met by national and international organisations

ways in which perception of need is influenced by contact with other cultures, advertising and the media

Pupils shall be able to:

1. discuss how media reporting can affect our perceptions of poverty in a national and international context

2. show awareness of the role of advertising in influencing our perception of needs

3. recognise bias and exaggeration in media reporting of issues related to needs and poverty in a national and international context

public and voluntary agencies which contribute to meeting the needs of categories of individuals in contemporary Scottish society

Pupils shall be able to:

1. show knowledge and understanding of how charities and other voluntary organisations contribute towards meeting the needs of individuals and groups of individuals in a national and international context

   investigate the role of particular charities or voluntary organisations in meeting the needs of particular groups in society e.g. SHELTER, Age Concern, War on Want, Save the Children, RSPCC

P7 to S2 Social rules, rights and responsibilities

laws which affect and protect young people and reasons why they are important

Pupils shall be able to:

1. show awareness of the main legal rights of children and why these rights are important

how the law works at local and national levels

Pupils shall be able to:

1. discuss the relationship between crime and punishment

2. describe their own criteria as to how 'the punishment should fit the crime'

the rights and responsibilities of individuals in Scotland and contrasting societies and the consequences of these differences for individuals and groups

Pupils shall be able to:

1. show understanding of Ihe main aspects of the United Nations Children's Charter

2. compare and contrast the rights of children in their own context and other societies in relation to the U.N. Charter

   investigate and make judgements as to the effectiveness of the U.N. Charter in upholding the rights of children in contrasting societies

how representatives are chosen and their role in decision-making and law-making

Pupils shall be able to:

1. show understanding of the democratic principle at school, local and national levels

   take part in an election campaign in the class/ school

   elect a representative from their group/class/school

   negotiate the remit of their representative

   draw similarities between the class campaign and campaigns at national and local level

   show awareness of the voting system and how it operates

2. show understanding of how local representatives are selected and whom they represent

3. show understanding of the Party Political nature of representation at local and national levels

4. show awareness of the work of the local council in meeting the needs of the local community

   take part in Field Work activities which would highlight the work of local council in meeting the needs of the local community

   a visit to the class by the local councillor

5. show knowledge and understanding of the role of their own M.P. in Parliament

6. draw conclusions as to the objectivity of election materials

Conflict and participation in decision making in society

selected national and international disputes and ways of resolving them

Pupils shall be able to:

1. show understanding of the role of the M.P. in representing the people of his/her constituency and participating in issues affecting the whole country

2. show awareness of the policies of the major parties for their own local area

3. study causes and effects of disputes between individuals and groups at National level

   eg Trade Union disputes, disputes between Political Parties

   use evidence to make accurate and detailed notes on the cause of a dispute and the manner in which it was resolved

4. show awareness of bias/exaggeration in the media

   study election broadcasts and media reporting in order to detect political bias or exaggeration

   select and report on examples of media bias and exaggeration in disputes at National level

5. outline the importance of representation, participation and negotiation in the resolution of disputes

   eg Arabs and Israelis, Black and White in South Africa

6. show awareness of the importance of public opinion

   devise a survey or questionnaire which seeks public opinion on instances of conflict at National or International level

participation through elections and pressure groups at local, national and international levels;

Pupils shall be able to:

1. show understanding as to the value of elections as ONE reason for participating in the decision making process at local and national level

2. discuss the importance of participating in particular pressure groups at local and national levels in highlighting the interests and needs of a particular group in society

   study and report on the effects of individual participation in the work of an international pressure group eg Greenpeace, Amnesty..

the influence of campaigns, media and pressure group activities on public opinion.

Pupils shall be able to:

1. make a judgement as to the value and influence of different campaigns on public opinion

   eg Amnesty, SHELTER, FOREST..

   select and report on examples of bias, exaggeration and stereotyping in campaign content and delivery

P7 to S2 Economic organisation and structures

how individuals earn their living and differences in wealth between individuals and countries

Pupils shall be able to:

1. discuss the importance of work to the fulfilment of needs and wants

2. show awareness of the consequences of wealth creation on standards of living and the fulfilment of material and non-material needs and wants in society

3. show understanding of the concept of wealth and wealth creation in their local environment

4. show awareness of the reasons for differentiation in wealth and lifestyle between different groups in society

5. show awareness of the reasons for differentiation in wealth and lifestyle within different groups in society

6. recognise reasons for difference in lifestyle between developed and under developed nations

the effect of specialisation on productivity and the efficient use of scarce resources

Pupils shall be able to:

1. show awareness of the reasons for international specialisation in production and terms of trade

2. describe the consequences of international specialisation in the production and trading of goods with regard to living standards in the developed and under developed countries

3. develop a knowledge and understanding of the consequences of international specialisation in the production of goods with regard to supply and demand and standards of living of inhabitants of produce and buyer nations

4. show awareness of the consequences of the imbalance in trading relationships between rich countries and poor countries

   undertake a case study/role play/simulation exercise in order to highlight these

5. show understanding that the earth's resources are finite

   eg through studying the effects of exploitation of resources in international trading

6. show knowledge and understanding of the consequences of man's exploitation of the earth's resources

7. show awareness of the benefits of properly managed exploitation and conservation of resources

   eg Forestry in the U.K. and South America

revenue-raising and expenditure in providing local services

Pupils shall be able to:

1. show understanding of the differences between direct and indirect taxation and the effects of such on particular groups in society

2. show understanding of the effects of individual contributions to the financing and provision of local services

3. show awareness of the work of the local authority in providing services for local people

   study and report on the work of the Environmental Services Department

   write a report on how the council spends our money